1MWp PV + 750kW/1MWh Storage Hybrid System for a West African Industrial Plant — Zero-Export with Grid/Diesel Dual-Source Switching

Abstract This case study presents a 1,000.16 kWp rooftop PV array paired with a 750 kW / 1,000 kWh liquid-cooled containerized battery energy storage system (BESS) deployed at an industrial manufacturing facility in West Africa (5.3°N). The system is designed for self-consumption with zero-export (anti-reverse power) operation, seamless grid-tied/off-grid switching via static transfer switch (STS) […]